The See Greece guide to the Greek island of Chios or Hios in the North-East Aegean, with a brief history, how to get there and what to see and do.
Nestled in the northeastern Aegean Sea, Chios is one of Greece’s most captivating yet underrated islands. Known for its medieval villages, pristine beaches, and unique mastic production, Chios offers a blend of history, culture, and natural beauty. Whether you’re a history buff, a beach lover, or a food enthusiast, this island has something for everyone.
Where is Chios?
Chios is part of the North Aegean islands, located just 8 km (5 miles) off the coast of Turkey, near the city of Çeşme. It lies between the islands of Lesvos to the north and Samos to the south. The island spans approximately 842 km² (325 sq mi), making it Greece’s fifth-largest island.
A Brief History of Chios
Chios boasts a rich and turbulent history, shaped by various civilizations over millennia:
– Ancient Times: Chios was home to one of Ancient Greece’s most prosperous city-states, known for its maritime trade and the legendary poet Homer, who is said to have lived here.
– Byzantine Era: The island became an important Byzantine stronghold, with monasteries and castles built across its landscape.
– Genoese Rule (1346–1566): The Genoese transformed Chios into a major trading hub, fortifying villages like Mesta and Pyrgi.
– Ottoman Occupation (1566–1912): Under Ottoman rule, Chios became famous for its mastic production, a resin harvested from the island’s unique mastic trees.
– Greek Independence (1912): Chios was liberated and officially became part of modern Greece.
The island’s darkest moment came in 1822, during the Greek War of Independence, when Ottoman forces massacred thousands of Chiots—an event known as the Chios Massacre, immortalized in Eugène Delacroix’s famous painting The Massacre at Chios.
Today, Chios remains a hidden gem, offering an authentic Greek experience away from mass tourism.
What to See and Do on Chios
1. Explore the Medieval Mastihohoria (Mastic Villages)
The southern part of Chios is home to the Mastihohoria (Mastic Villages), a cluster of fortified settlements built by the Genoese in the 14th–16th centuries. These villages were designed to protect the valuable mastic trade from pirates.
– Pyrgi: Famous for its unique “xysta” (geometric black-and-white designs) decorating the houses.
– Mesta: A perfectly preserved medieval village with narrow labyrinthine streets.
– Olympi: Known for its underground tunnels and medieval towers.
2. Visit the Nea Moni Monastery (UNESCO World Heritage Site)
This 11th-century Byzantine monastery is a UNESCO-listed treasure, renowned for its stunning mosaics and historical significance. It was built by Byzantine Emperor Constantine IX Monomachos and played a key role in the island’s religious life.
3. Discover Chios Town (Chora)
The island’s capital, Chios Town, is a lively port city with a mix of medieval, Ottoman, and modern Greek influences. Key attractions include:
– Chios Castle: A Byzantine fortress expanded by the Genoese and Ottomans.
– Archaeological Museum: Showcasing artifacts from ancient Chios.
– Ottoman Baths & Mosques: Remnants of the island’s Ottoman past.
4. Relax on Stunning Beaches
Chios boasts some of the most beautiful beaches in the Aegean:
– Mavra Volia: A unique black pebble beach formed by volcanic activity.
– Karfas: A sandy beach with crystal-clear waters, ideal for families.
– Agia Fotini: A secluded beach with turquoise waters near the Mastihohoria.
– Elinda Beach: A hidden gem with dramatic cliffs and deep blue waters.
5. Visit the Kambos Region
Just south of Chios Town lies Kambos, a fertile area filled with medieval citrus orchards and mansions built by Genoese and Greek aristocrats. Many of these estates have been restored into boutique hotels.
6. Take a Boat Trip to Inousses or Psara
For a day trip, visit:
– Inousses: A small island group known for its maritime heritage and ship-owning families.
– Psara: A remote island with a tragic history from the Greek War of Independence.
7. Taste Chios’ Unique Cuisine
Chios is famous for its local products:
– Mastic: Used in sweets, liqueurs (like Mastiha), and cosmetics.
– Chios Mandarin: A sweet, fragrant citrus fruit.
– Local Dishes: Try “koulouri” (sesame bread rings), “souma” (a strong spirit), and fresh seafood.
How to Get to Chios
By Air
– Chios Island National Airport (JKH): Located 4 km from Chios Town, it receives domestic flights from Athens (45 min) and Thessaloniki (1 hr).
– Airlines: Olympic Air and Aegean Airlines operate regular flights.
– International Travelers: Fly to Athens first, then take a connecting flight to Chios.
By Ferry
Chios is well-connected by ferry from Athens and other islands:
– From Piraeus (Athens): 6–8 hours (high-speed ferries take ~5 hrs).
– From Lesvos (Mytilene): 2.5–4 hours.
– From Samos: 3–4 hours.
– From Thessaloniki (via Kavala): Occasional routes (~12 hrs).
Ferry Companies: Hellenic Seaways, Blue Star Ferries, and ANEK Lines.
Getting Around Chios
– Car/Motorbike Rental: Best for exploring remote villages and beaches.
– Public Buses (KTEL): Connects major towns but limited in rural areas.
– Taxis: Available in Chios Town and tourist areas.
Final Tips for Visiting Chios
– Best Time to Visit: May–October (July–August is peak season).
– Language: Greek, but English is widely spoken in tourist areas.
– Currency: Euro (€).
– Local Etiquette: Respect religious sites (cover shoulders/knees in monasteries).
Conclusion
Chios is a treasure trove of history, culture, and natural beauty. From its medieval villages and UNESCO sites to its stunning beaches and unique mastic products, the island offers an unforgettable Greek experience. Whether arriving by air or ferry, Chios promises a journey back in time while providing all the comforts of modern travel.
Best Greece Guides
RECENT POSTS
