See Greece recommends where to stay in Rhodes Town, including boutique and historic hotels in the Old Town and modern hotels in the New Town.
S. Nikolis Hotel in Rhodes Old Town
If you want to know where to stay in Rhodes Town, the capital of Rhodes, then you have two main choices. Do you want to stay in the Old Town, close to all the main historic attractions, or do you want to stay in the New Town, and be closer to shopping, bars and other modern amenities?
Accommodation in the Old Town is usually more atmospheric and characterful, but it may mean stairs to climb with luggage because there are no lifts, and quirky arrangements. The New Town is where you tend to find the more comfortable and more modern hotels, with a short walk to the Old Town.
Here’s our choice of some good places we can recommend in both parts of Rhodes Town.
Where to Stay in Rhodes Town
Best Western Plaza Hotel
Best Western Plaza Hotel in Rhodes New Town
This 4-star hotel has 136 comfortable rooms with luxury fittings, and the breakfast buffet is outstanding. It has an outdoor pool, a sauna, a cocktail bar, and a restaurant. It’s in the New Town but only about a 10-minute walk from the Old Town.
A pleasant, family-run hotel with character, and the owners speak English, Italian, French, and Greek. The Anastasia is located in a leafy garden area off one of the main streets, a 10-minute walk from the Old Town. The rooms are simple but are bright and sunny and have high ceilings. They also have fridges and air-conditioning, and are all non-smoking. There’s an outside breakfast area beneath a lovely hibiscus canopy.
Note that the hotel is at number 46 on 28 Oktovriou Street. The Greek practice is to put the street name first and then the number of the house.
This 500-year-old former Turkish sultan’s house has been turned into a delightful and remarkably inexpensive little hotel in a quiet residential street in the Old Town. It’s worth booking well ahead as the old atmosphere has been retained and there are only 11 rooms. There’s a roof terrace with views of the medieval walls and across the Aegean to Turkey.
For the ultimate Old Town experience, this splendid 15th-century building in the old Turkish quarter is the place for style and flair, with surviving Ottoman features adding to the ambience. The hotel has a 3-star rating and has an acclaimed restaurant too, as well as a peaceful garden.
A big roof terrace with superb views over the Old Town is a bonus at this reasonably-priced option in a quiet area inside the medieval city walls. This is open from May to October and is where they serve breakfast, drinks, snacks, and light meals.
Tucked away in a quiet square, and with lots of cosy charm, this small, friendly pension has pleasant rooms round a small courtyard. No website. Phone: +30 2241 022469.
Timikida 9, Old Town
S. Nikolis
S. Nikolis Hotel in Rhodes Old Town
This boutique hotel is in a handsome Old Town building in a hidden corner, and we love it. The house was built around 1300 AD, and became a hotel in 1980. Its wonderful ambience includes an inner courtyard with a resident tortoise. A selection of very different types of room is available, and most of them have great character. Excellent facilities, too, and the roof garden offers guests breakfast with a view.
There’s a friendly atmosphere at this small hotel that is in a handy, but quiet location on a narrow cobbled street at the heart of Rhodes Old Town. Don’t be misled by its official 1-star rating as it’s a perfectly comfortable hotel with an old-fashioned feel to it. A buffet breakfast is included.
Lindos is one of the main attractions on the Greek island of Rhodes, with its Acropolis, other ancient sites, beaches and historic captain’s houses.
Lindos on Rhodes
Lindos on Rhodes in the Dodecanese is an impossibly picturesque village; a labyrinth of white-painted Dodecanesian-style houses climbing the slopes to the dramatic Acropolis and Knights’ Castle. The village is, of course, a hugely popular visitor attraction, and from Easter onwards it is crowded by day and fairly lively at night. It’s an hour’s drive south of Rhodes Town, about half-way down the island’s east coast.
The Acropolis is the main attraction, but Lindos has much more to offer than this splendid monument. Its narrow streets are empty of traffic and locals carry everything in motorbike trailers with which they negotiate some alarming challenges in the steeper streets.
In some ways Lindos is robbed of its inherent character by the sheer pressure of visitors and by the multi-lingual guided tours. It’s a popular excursion from the cruise ships which dock in Rhodes Town. Yet the village is still captivating, especially if you allow time to wander and seek out less well-known ancient ruins, the tiny churches, and the quieter corners.
Acropolis of Lindos on Rhodes
Ancient Lindos
Ancient Lindos was the most prestigious of the three great city-states of Rhodes, the others being Kameiros and Ialyssos. When the three cities combined to found the unified city of Rhodes, Lindos continued to prosper and its sanctuary of Lindian Athena remained a place of pilgrimage until Roman times.
The Knights of St John kept a strong presence here, and during the Turkish era, Lindos was a prosperous seagoing community. Modern Lindos still reflects this history of commerce and culture.
Acropolis at Lindos on Rhodes
Ancient Sites Around Lindos
The prime site of the Acropolis apart, there are a number of other ancient sites scattered throughout the Lindos area. Within the village itself is the well-preserved 4th-century BC amphitheatre. It’s located on the south-western side of the Acropolis just below the Stavri Square car park. Nearby are the remains of a large building, thought to have been a temple of the 3rd or 2nd century BC. Later Christian churches were built over the site.
Directly opposite the Acropolis, on the side of Krana Hill and above the highest houses of the village, is the ruin of a monumental necropolis, the tomb of a wealthy Hellenistic family. On Cape Agios Emilianos, across the main bay from the Acropolis, is the so-called ‘Tomb of Kleoboulos’, a large circular mausoleum composed of stone slabs. It can be reached by a path from the main beach. There is no convincing evidence that this actually is the tomb of Kleoboulos, a famous ruler of Lindos.
Lindos Town, Beach and Acropolis
Beaches Around Lindos
On the north side of the village is a substantial bay in the shelter of the Acropolis hill. Directly below the Acropolis lies a small harbour where fishing boats moor. Further round the bay is Lindos’s very busy main beach. There are several tavernas and bars, beach furniture can be hired, and water sports are available.
There is another beach further round the bay, and bathing places beyond the headland of Cape Agios Emilianos. To the south of the Acropolis lies the remarkable natural harbour of St Paul, where the evangelist is said to have landed on his mission to spread Christianity.
Street in Lindos on Rhodes
Houses of the Captains
An earthquake of 1610 devastated Lindos but the settlement was rebuilt in traditional style, and today’s houses, a mix of simple vernacular buildings and handsome Gothic mansions, enhanced with subtle Byzantine and Moorish features, stand behind their high walls and inner courtyards where there is much use made of the exquisite pebble flooring called hokhlaki.
The Lindian doorways, called pyliones, often have fine carvings around them. Wealth from seagoing enriched Lindos, and many of the finer houses were built by sea captains. Several of these restored captains’ houses are open for public viewing, although they are often tied in with restaurants or gift shops. You can get details from the tourist office.
Panagia (Church of the Assumption of Our Lady)
Panagia is the main church of Lindos and stands at the heart of the village. It dates from medieval times but has been lovingly cared for and refurbished over the years. The characteristic exterior is rather engulfed by its close-knit surroundings but the interior is overwhelming, a superb example of Orthodox decoration.
Late 19th-century frescoes, restored in the 1920s, cover the walls and depict vivid biblical scenes. There are numerous fine icons, and the wooden altar screen and Bishop’s throne are beautifully carved. The pebble mosaic floor is outstanding. There is a strict requirement for visitors to dress soberly, and photography is not allowed.
See Greece picks the best time to visit Rhodes, with a monthly summary of the weather, plus hotel prices and special events to help plan a visit.
Lindos Town and Acropolis on Rhodes
Rhodes, the largest of Greece’s Dodecanese islands, is a jewel in the Mediterranean with year-round mild weather. Historical sites, stunning beaches, vibrant nightlife, and charming villages, it’s no surprise that this island is a beloved destination for travellers worldwide.
But when is the absolute best time to visit Rhodes? Let’s explore the island’s climate month by month, including weather, special events, and hotel prices!
City Walls in Rhodes Old Town
Best Time to Visit Rhodes Month-by-Month
Starting with January, Rhodes, like the rest of Greece, is in its winter season. The average temperature is around 56°F (13°C) with an average rainfall of 5.9 inches (150 millimeters). They don’t usually experience snowfall. Hotel prices generally are at their lowest, appealing to budget-conscious travelers. For history enthusiasts, a winter visit can be more comfortable exploring ancient sites like the Acropolis of Lindos without large crowds or intense heat.
In February, temperatures slightly increase to an average of 57°F (14°C). The rainfall is around 4.7 inches (120 millimeters). February is similar to January in terms of pricing and low tourist numbers, with the added benefit of experiencing the Apokries, an engaging pre-lent carnival with traditional music and dancing adding color to the island’s streets.
March sees the arrival of spring, with temperatures hovering at an average of 60°F (16°C), and rainfall decreases to 3.5 inches (90 millimeters). The Independence Day celebrations on March 25th offer an impressive parade showcasing historical Greek costumes and military units. Hotel prices remain quite affordable.
Street in Lindos on Rhodes
April brings more warmth, having an average temperature of 66°F (19°C), and rainfall drops further to 1.6 inches (40 millimeters). Easter celebrations in Rhodes are quite a spectacle, with processions, traditional meals, and fireworks. Hotels start increasing their prices, anticipating the summer tourists.
In May, the temperature averages 73°F (23°C) with only 0.7 inches (18 millimeters) average rainfall, marking the start of the dry season. The Medieval Rose Festival during this month is worth attending, bringing back the medieval times with knight tournaments and street theatre. It’s a great time to be staying in the Old Town of Rhodes. Prices for hotels start to rise, though, due to the increase in visitor numbers.
June ushers in summer with an average temperature of 81°F (27°C) and average rainfall of 0.4 inches (10 millimeters). The Island Rhodes Marathon in mid-June attracts athletes and sports enthusiasts from all corners of the world, creating a unique atmosphere. Hotel prices further increase, marking the start of the high tourist season.
Rhodes Old Town
July is peak summer with daytime temperatures soaring to around 86°F (30°C). It’s virtually rain-free, with an average rainfall of 0.2 inches (5 millimeters). There are various beachside festivities during this month, with hotel prices being the highest. It’s recommended to book well in advance if you’re planning your trip during this time.
August continues the heat trend with an average temperature of 86°F (30°C) and minimal rainfall at 0.2 inches (5 millimeters). In early August, locals celebrate Dekapentavgoustos, The Assumption of the Virgin Mary, with religious processions and feasts. Accommodation costs remain high due to popular demand.
September welcomes the onset of autumn. The temperature drops slightly to 81°F (27°C), and the rainfall starts increasing, reaching up to 0.6 inches (16 millimeters). The International Street Theater Festival is a treat to experience with artistic performances from around the world. The hotel rates start declining after the summer rush.
Windmills at Mandraki Harbour on Rhodes
In October, temperatures cool down to 74°F (23°C) on average, and rainfall increases to 2.7 inches (70 millimeters). The festival of Panormitis, dedicated to the island’s patron Saint Michael, takes place in late October on neighbouring Symi, a short ferry ride away. Hotel prices continue to reduce, proving to be an attractive time for budget travellers.
November sees a further drop in temperature to an average of 65°F (18°C), and the rainfall is at its peak with 5.3 inches (135 millimeters). This is a quieter month with fewer events, but the serene landscapes and reduced hotel prices can attract those who enjoy off-peak travel.
December marks the beginning of winter, the temperatures decreasing to an average of 59°F (15°C) and a rainfall of 4.5 inches (115 millimeters). The festive mood is unforgettable, with Christmas and New Year celebrations. Hotel prices remain at their low end, making it a considerable time to enjoy a Mediterranean winter.
Rhodes Sunset
Best Time to Visit Rhodes Summary
In conclusion, the best time to visit Rhodes in Greece ultimately depends on your personal preferences. If you long for the warm sunshine and lively beach scene, then the summer months are a perfect choice.
However, if you’re looking to explore the rich history and culture at a more leisurely pace and lower budget, the shoulder seasons (spring and autumn), or even winter may be your best bet.
See Greece’s travel guide to the Nestos Valley on the border between Thrace and Macedonia and making a lovely drive between Xanthi and Drama.
River Nestos
The Nestos Valley in Greece is a breathtaking natural corridor between the towns of Xanthi and Drama, offering travellers a scenic drive through lush forests, dramatic gorges, and tranquil riverside landscapes. It marks the border between Thrace and Macedonia.
Discovering the Nestos Valley
Nestled in Northern Greece, the Nestos Valley is a region of extraordinary natural beauty and ecological significance. The valley is carved by the Nestos River, which originates in the Rila Mountains of Bulgaria and flows southward into Greece, eventually emptying into the Thracian Sea. Along its course, the river traverses the regions of Eastern Macedonia and Thrace, creating a rich tapestry of landscapes that include gorges, wetlands, forests, and deltas.
Geography and Ecosystem
The valley is divided into two main sections:
Nestos Gorge (Straits of Nestos): Located near the village of Toxotes in Xanthi, this narrow passage is flanked by steep cliffs and dense vegetation. It’s a popular destination for hiking, kayaking, and birdwatching.
Nestos Delta: Found near Chrysoupoli in Kavala, this area is a protected wetland and part of the Natura 2000 network. It’s home to hundreds of bird species, amphibians, and rare flora.
The valley’s ecosystem is one of the most biodiverse in Greece. Riparian forests, dominated by willows, poplars, and alders, line the riverbanks, while oak and pine forests cover the surrounding hills. The area supports wild boars, otters, foxes, and a wide variety of birds, including herons, eagles, and kingfishers.
Driving Through the Nestos Valley: Xanthi to Drama
A road trip from Xanthi to Drama through the Nestos Valley is a journey into the heart of nature. The drive is approximately 88 kilometers and takes about 1 hour and 15 minutes, depending on stops and detours. Here’s the route, along with highlights along the way.
Route Overview
Starting Point: Xanthi
Ending Point: Drama
Distance: About 88 km
Estimated Time: 1h 15m
Route: Xanthi → Toxotes → Stavroupoli → Paranesti → Drama
Xanthi
Directions
Xanthi to Toxotes (15 km)
Head west from Xanthi on the EO12 road toward Toxotes.
Toxotes is the gateway to the Nestos Gorge. Stop at the Nestos Adventure Park or take a short hike along the river trail.
Toxotes to Stavroupoli (20 km)
Continue northwest on the EO12, following signs for Stavroupoli.
This stretch hugs the river and offers stunning views of the gorge.
In Stavroupoli, visit the Folklore Museum and enjoy a coffee in the village square.
Stavroupoli to Paranesti (25 km)
Drive north on the EO12, passing through forested hills and small hamlets.
Paranesti is known for its Natural History Museum and access to thermal springs and hiking trails.
Paranesti to Drama (28 km)
Continue west on the EO12, descending into the fertile plains of Drama.
Arrive in Drama, a city known for its parks, springs, and vibrant cultural scene.
Highlights Along the Nestos Valley Drive
Nestos Gorge: A must-see natural wonder with hiking paths carved into the cliffs. The views of the river winding through the gorge are unforgettable.
Railway Line: The historic railway from Toxotes to Stavroupoli runs parallel to the river and is considered one of the most scenic train routes in Greece.
Birdwatching: The valley is a haven for bird enthusiasts. Bring binoculars to spot eagles, hawks, and migratory birds.
Outdoor Activities: Kayaking, mountain biking, and rock climbing are popular in the gorge area.
Local Villages: Each village along the route offers a glimpse into traditional Thracian and Macedonian life, with stone houses, cobbled streets, and local tavernas.
Who Was Nestos?
According to Greek mythology, Nestos (or Nessos) was a river god, born of Oceanus and Tethys. The river’s mythological roots add a layer of mystique to its already enchanting presence.
Travel Tips
Best Time to Visit: Spring and autumn offer mild weather and vibrant foliage.
Road Conditions: The EO12 is well-maintained but winding. Drive cautiously, especially near the gorge.
Fuel and Food: Fill up in Xanthi or Drama. Smaller villages may have limited services.
Accommodation: Consider staying in Stavroupoli or Paranesti for a night to explore the area more deeply.
Packing Essentials: Hiking shoes, camera, water, and snacks. Bug spray is useful in summer.
Why This Drive Is Special
Driving through the Nestos Valley is not just about reaching a destination—it’s about immersing yourself in nature’s rhythm. The journey from Xanthi to Drama offers a rare blend of myth, biodiversity, and cultural heritage, making it one of Greece’s most rewarding road trips.
Whether you’re a nature lover, a history buff, or simply seeking tranquility, the Nestos Valley delivers an experience that lingers long after the journey ends.
Explore Dion in Greece, an ancient Macedonian sanctuary near Mount Olympus with temples, theaters, mosaics, and ruins revealing centuries of myth and history.
Dion Thermal Baths
The archaeological site of Dion in Macedonia is a treasure trove of ancient history, mythology, and cultural heritage. Located at the foot of Mount Olympus, an hour’s drive from Thessaloniki, it was once the sacred city of the Macedonians and a center of worship for Zeus. Here’s a detailed overview.
Overview of Dion
Location: Dion is situated in Pieria, Central Macedonia, just 5 km from the Aegean Sea and near Mount Olympus.
Historical Significance: It was the religious center of the ancient Macedonian kingdom, especially revered during the reigns of Philip II and Alexander the Great.
Name Origin: Derived from “Dios,” meaning “of Zeus,” reflecting its role as a sanctuary to the king of the gods.
Map (c) Google Maps
Dion Historical Timeline
Prehistoric and Classical Periods
Early settlements date back to the Mycenaean era.
Dion gained prominence during the Classical period, especially in the 5th century BCE.
Hellenistic Period
Philip II of Macedon celebrated military victories here.
Alexander the Great offered sacrifices before launching his campaign against Persia.
Roman Period
Dion flourished under Roman rule, with new buildings, baths, and infrastructure.
The city became a hub for Roman culture and religion.
Byzantine and Later Periods
Dion declined after earthquakes and invasions.
Rediscovered in the 19th century, with systematic excavations beginning in the 20th century.
Key Structures and Features
Sanctuaries
Sanctuary of Zeus Olympios: Central to Dion’s religious life, with altars and temples.
Sanctuary of Demeter: Dedicated to the goddess of agriculture, featuring votive offerings.
Sanctuary of Isis: Reflects the influence of Egyptian cults during the Roman era.
Theaters
Greek Theater: Used for dramatic performances and religious festivals.
Roman Theater: Larger and more elaborate, used for gladiatorial games and public events.
Baths and Gymnasiums
Thermal Baths: Decorated with mosaics and used for relaxation and hygiene.
Gymnasium: A place for physical training and education.
Stadium
Hosted athletic competitions during festivals honoring Zeus.
City Walls and Gates
Fortified with impressive walls and gates, showcasing advanced engineering.
Residential Areas
Houses with courtyards, frescoes, and drainage systems.
Necropolis
Burial grounds with tombs, grave goods, and inscriptions.
Archaeological Discoveries
Mosaics: Intricate designs depicting mythological scenes and daily life.
Statues: Marble and bronze figures of gods, heroes, and citizens.
Inscriptions: Reveal details about governance, religion, and social life.
Coins and Pottery: Offer insights into trade and economy.
Dion and Macedonian Royalty
Philip II: Held grand celebrations and sacrifices in Dion.
Alexander the Great: Prayed to Zeus here before his conquests, linking Dion to his legacy.
Natural Environment
Dion is surrounded by lush vegetation, springs, and rivers.
The landscape enhances its spiritual ambiance and connection to Mount Olympus.
Archaeological Museum of Dion
Houses artifacts from the site, including statues, tools, and everyday items.
Exhibits are organized by excavation area and historical period.
Modern Excavations and Research
Led by the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki since the 1920s.
Ongoing digs continue to reveal new insights into ancient life.
Cultural and Mythological Significance
Dion is linked to Orpheus, who is said to have died and been buried here.
The site reflects the fusion of Greek, Roman, and Egyptian religious practices.
Dion Archaeological Museum
Visiting Dion Today
The Archaeological Park is open to visitors year-round.
Walking paths guide you through temples, theaters, and baths.
Interpretive signs and guided tours enhance the experience.
The Evros Delta National Park is one of the most important wetlands in the whole of Europe, and a magnet for birdwatchers.
Fire Salamander in the Evros Delta in Thrace, Greece
The Evros Delta is a vital wetland of international importance, rich in history and teeming with wildlife. Located at the northeastern edge of the country, it serves as a natural border with Turkey and a sanctuary for hundreds of species.
The Evros Delta lies where the Evros River (also known as Maritsa in Bulgaria) empties into the Thracian Sea, forming a vast wetland of approximately 188 square kilometres (73 square miles). The river itself originates in the Rila Mountains of Bulgaria, flowing for over 528 kilometers (328 miles) through Bulgaria, Greece, and Turkey. Its sediment-rich waters have shaped the delta over centuries, creating a mosaic of freshwater lakes, brackish lagoons, sandy islets, reedbeds, and riverine forests
This liminal zone—between land and sea, between nations—is not only a geographical marvel but also a cultural and ecological crossroads. The delta’s Mediterranean climate is tempered by continental influences, resulting in harsh winters and frequent frosts, which shape the seasonal rhythms of life here.
Historical Significance
Sunset in the Evros Delta
Historically, the Evros River was a crucial commercial artery. In the 19th century, it transported agricultural goods from Thrace, linking inland communities to coastal trade routes. The delta’s strategic location has long made it a military and geopolitical hotspot, especially given its proximity to the Greek-Turkish border. Today, the area is patrolled by border guards and dotted with observation towers, blending human presence with the natural landscape.
Despite its militarized context, the delta has remained a symbol of coexistence—between nations, between people and nature. Fishermen, biologists, and conservationists work alongside police and border patrols, all sharing the space in a delicate balance.
Ecological Importance
The Evros Delta is recognized as a Ramsar Wetland of International Importance since 1974 and is part of the Natura 2000 network, underscoring its ecological value. It is one of the most biodiverse regions in Europe, especially for birds, with over 320 species recorded, representing more than 70% of Greece’s avian fauna.
The delta’s varied habitats—reedy ditches, tamarisk forests, swamps, and lagoons—support a rich tapestry of life. Its position along a major migratory flyway makes it a critical stopover for birds traveling between Europe, Asia, and Africa.
Evros Delta Wildlife Highlights
Dalmatian Pelican
Here are some of the standout species and wildlife experiences in the Evros Delta:
Slender-billed Curlew: Once common, now critically endangered. The delta has been one of its last known European refuges.
Greater Sand Plover and Caspian Plover: Rare sightings that thrill birdwatchers.
White-tailed Eagle and Sociable Lapwing: Species of international conservation concern.
Glossy Ibis, Purple Heron, and Black-winged Stilt: Commonly seen waders and waterbirds.
Dalmatian Pelican and Pygmy Cormorant: Large, charismatic species that nest and feed in the delta.
Beyond birds, the delta is home to reptiles, amphibians, and fish, including European pond turtles, grass snakes, and carp. Mammals such as otters, foxes, and wild boar also roam the area, though they are more elusive.
Visiting and Birdwatching
Marsh Harrier in the Evros Delta
The northwestern section of the delta is open to the public and offers excellent birdwatching opportunities. The southeastern part, however, requires special permits for non-Greeks due to its sensitive location near the border.
Visitors can explore the delta via wooden piers, observation towers, and traditional “plaves” boats, which glide through the canals and marshes. The muted tones of the landscape—dun-coloured grasses, silt-laden waters, and pale skies—create a serene, almost mystical atmosphere
Conservation Challenges
Despite its protected status, the Evros Delta faces several threats:
Freshwater management issues: Altered river flows and irrigation demands disrupt natural cycles.
Overgrazing and overfishing: Local practices sometimes exceed sustainable limits.
Illegal hunting: Though regulated, poaching remains a concern.
Drainage and land conversion: Agricultural expansion threatens wetland integrity.
Conservation groups, including the Hellenic Ornithological Society, are actively involved in monitoring and protecting the delta’s biodiversity.
A Living Landscape
The Evros Delta is more than a nature reserve—it’s a living landscape where humans and wildlife share space. It embodies the tension and harmony between border politics and ecological preservation, between tradition and modern conservation.
Whether you’re a birdwatcher, a nature lover, or a curious traveler, the delta offers a rare glimpse into one of Europe’s last wild frontiers. Its beauty lies not just in its species count, but in its ability to inspire awe, reflection, and a deeper appreciation for the fragile balance of life.
Accommodation near the Evros Delta
There is a town on the edge of the delta, Loutra Traianopolis, where there is a choice of simple accommodation if you wish to spend a little time exploring the area. From here you can do it on foot, as there are numerous paths that go into the delta, but take care with directions as it is easy to get lost.
Venomous Nose-Horned Viper in the Evros Delta The Most Dangerous Viper in Europe
There are some poisonous snakes in the region, and while you are unlikely to be bitten as snakes usually make themselves scarce as they hear approaching footsteps, do be cautious.
Komotini is a lively city in Thrace known for its rich history, diverse culture, museums, and scenic charm. A hidden gem worth discovering.
Yeni Mosque and Clocktower in Komotini, Thrace, Greece
Komotini is in the heart of the Rhodope region of Thrace. Known for its rich history, multicultural character, and vibrant local life, Komotini offers a unique blend of Byzantine, Ottoman, and modern Greek influences. From its historical landmarks to its interesting museums and scenic surroundings, Komotini is a destination that should be on any Greece traveller’s map.
History of Komotini
The area was inhabited as early as the Byzantine era, with its name evolving over centuries. Originally known as Koumoutziná or Komotiná, the town’s name may derive from the Greek word komis (count), suggesting it was once the estate of a noble. The first recorded use of the name Giumouldzina (Gümülcine in Turkish) appears in Ottoman sources from 1344 CE. The modern name “Komotini” was officially adopted in 1920, reflecting its Hellenic heritage.
During the Byzantine period, Komotini was a strategic settlement due to its location on the Via Egnatia, the ancient Roman road connecting the Adriatic Sea to Byzantium (modern-day Istanbul). The town flourished under Ottoman rule, becoming a multicultural hub with Greek, Turkish, and Jewish communities. This legacy of diversity remains evident today in its architecture, cuisine, and cultural life.
After the Balkan Wars and the Treaty of Sèvres, Komotini was incorporated into Greece in 1920. It now serves as the administrative seat of Eastern Macedonia and Thrace and the capital of the Rhodope regional unit.
Map (c) Google Maps
Things to Do in Komotini
Komotini offers a wide array of attractions for history buffs, nature lovers, and cultural explorers. Here are some of the top things to do in the town:
Archaeological Museum of Komotini
This museum is a treasure trove of ancient artifacts from the Rhodope region. It showcases items from prehistoric, classical, and Byzantine periods, including pottery, sculptures, and coins. The museum provides insight into the region’s long-standing cultural evolution.
Ecclesiastical Museum of Komotini
Located near the Cathedral of the Annunciation, this museum houses religious artifacts, icons, vestments, and manuscripts from local churches. It’s a serene space that reflects the spiritual heritage of the area.
Old Town and Traditional Mansions
Wandering through Komotini’s old town reveals neoclassical mansions and Ottoman-era buildings. Notable examples include the Mansion Dermertzoglou, which features Doric columns and ornate decorations that reflect the town’s architectural elegance.
The Clock Tower and Central Square
The iconic clock tower is a symbol of Komotini and stands proudly in the central square. This area is a lively hub with cafes, shops, and cultural events, perfect for soaking in the town’s atmosphere.
Byzantine Fortress
Remnants of the ancient Byzantine fortress can be found near the old town. Though partially ruined, the site offers panoramic views and a sense of the town’s strategic importance in antiquity.
Folklore Museum of Komotini
This museum presents traditional costumes, tools, and household items from the region’s rural past. It’s a charming stop for those interested in everyday life in Thrace over the centuries.
Komotini Municipal Park
A green oasis in the city, the municipal park is ideal for leisurely walks, picnics, and family outings. It’s also home to a small zoo and playgrounds.
Domaine Kikones Winery
Kokines Vineyard, Komotini
Wine lovers should not miss a visit to Domaine Kikones, a local vineyard producing high-quality wines. Tastings and tours offer a delightful experience of Thracian viticulture.
Open-Air Markets and Bazaars
Komotini’s markets are vibrant with local produce, textiles, and crafts. The blend of Greek and Turkish influences makes for a unique shopping experience.
Cultural Events and Festivals
Throughout the year, Komotini hosts various festivals celebrating music, dance, and local traditions. These events highlight the town’s multicultural identity and community spirit
Multicultural Identity
One of Komotini’s most distinctive features is its multiculturalism. The town is home to a significant Muslim minority, including Turkish-speaking and Pomak communities. This coexistence is reflected in the town’s mosques, churches, and bilingual signage.
Cuisine and Local Flavors
Komotini’s culinary scene is a delightful fusion of Greek and Eastern Mediterranean flavors. Visitors can enjoy traditional Thracian dishes such as kavourmas (preserved meat), bougatsa (cream-filled pastry), and soutzouk loukoum (a sweet made from grape must and nuts). Local tavernas and cafes offer warm hospitality and authentic tastes.
Nature and Surroundings
Beyond the town, the Rhodope Mountains and nearby wetlands offer opportunities for hiking, birdwatching, and nature photography. The scenic drive from Xanthi to Komotini reveals lush landscapes and charming villages. The nearby Nymfaia Forest is a popular spot for outdoor activities and relaxation.
The city of Xanthi in Thrace in eastern Greece is a lively university town with several museums, old mansions and one of the best markets in Thrace.
Rooftops in Xanthi in Thrace, Greece
Xanthi in Thrace is a lively town that blends centuries of history with a rich cultural mosaic. Known as the “City of a Thousand Colours,” Xanthi is well worth seeing because of its preserved old town, diverse population, and a unique blend of Eastern and Western influences. From its Ottoman-era architecture to its lively festivals and the presence of the Pomak people, Xanthi offers visitors a delightfully different side of Greece.
Map (c) Google Maps
The History of Xanthi
Xanthi’s roots stretch deep into antiquity. The area was once part of ancient Thrace, a region inhabited by Thracian tribes and later incorporated into the Roman and Byzantine Empires. The modern town of Xanthi emerged during the Ottoman period, gaining prominence in the 18th and 19th centuries as a center of tobacco production and trade. This economic boom brought wealth and cosmopolitan flair, evident in the neoclassical mansions and ornate buildings that still grace the old town today.
The town’s strategic location near the Rhodope Mountains and the Nestos River made it a cultural crossroads. After the Balkan Wars and the Treaty of Lausanne in 1923, Xanthi became part of modern Greece, and its population diversified further with the arrival of Greek refugees from Asia Minor. This layered history is reflected in the town’s architecture, cuisine, and social fabric.
Exploring Xanthi’s Old Town
One of Xanthi’s most captivating features is its Old Town, a labyrinth of cobbled streets, colourful mansions, and Ottoman-era buildings. Walking through this district feels like stepping back in time. The architecture showcases a blend of neoclassical and Balkan styles, with wooden balconies, ornate facades, and hidden courtyards.
Museums and Cultural Attractions
Xanthi boasts a variety of museums and cultural venues that reflect its diverse heritage:
Folk and History Museum of Xanthi: Located in the beautifully preserved Kougioumtzoglou mansion, this museum showcases the lifestyle of Xanthi’s affluent families during the tobacco boom. Exhibits include traditional attire, furniture, and archival photographs.
Natural History Museum: Situated in the nearby village of Stavroupoli, a half-hour drive away, this museum focuses on the flora and fauna of the Rhodope Mountains and the Nestos River ecosystem.
Ecclesiastical Museum: Housed in the Metropolis of Xanthi, this museum features religious artifacts, icons, and manuscripts from the Byzantine and post-Byzantine periods.
Xanthi’s Amazing Market
Bazaar of Xanthi: While not a museum, the town’s weekly bazaar is a cultural experience in itself. Held every Saturday, it’s a bustling market where locals and visitors mingle, shop for fresh produce, textiles, and traditional goods, and enjoy street food.
Festivals and Events
Xanthi is renowned for its annual Carnival, one of the largest in Greece. The event blends ancient Dionysian traditions with modern festivities, featuring parades, music, dance, and elaborate costumes.
The Old Town Festival, held every September, celebrates local culture with concerts, art exhibitions, and traditional food.
Graffiti Festival in Xanthi in Thrace, Greece
Held as part of the broader Old Town Festival, the Graffiti Festival in Xanthi brings together local and international street artists to transform the town’s walls into colourful canvases. The event features live painting sessions, exhibitions, and workshops. Artists showcase a range of styles—from abstract and surrealist murals to politically charged pieces—reflecting the town’s dynamic cultural identity
Nature and Outdoor Activities
Old Bridge near Xanthi in Thrace, Greece
Surrounded by the Rhodope Mountains and close to the Nestos River, Xanthi is a paradise for nature lovers. Hiking, birdwatching, and kayaking are popular activities in the region. The Nestos Gorge offers breathtaking views and is home to rare bird species and lush vegetation.
The Livaditis Waterfall, one of the tallest in the whole of the Balkans, is another natural wonder worth visiting. The nearby Lake Vistonida and Porto Lagos area are ideal for eco-tourism, with opportunities to observe flamingos, herons, and other wildlife.
The Pomak People: A Cultural Mosaic
One of the most distinctive aspects of Xanthi is its Pomak community, a Muslim minority group of Slavic origin residing primarily in the mountainous villages of the region. The Pomaks speak a dialect of Bulgarian and practice Islam, yet they have lived in Greece for centuries, contributing to the area’s multicultural identity.
The Pomak villages, such as Echinos, Thermes, and Kotyli, are known for their traditional architecture, hospitality, and unique customs. Visitors can explore these villages to learn about Pomak crafts, music, and cuisine. The coexistence of Greek Orthodox Christians, Muslims, and other ethnic groups in Xanthi is a testament to the town’s inclusive spirit and historical resilience. You can reach the villages by driving north out of town towards the border with Bulgaria. Thermes is less than 3 kms (2 miles) from the border.
Xanthi’s Local Flavours
Xanthi’s culinary scene naturally reflects its multicultural heritage. Traditional Greek dishes are complemented by Thracian, Turkish, and Balkan influences. Must-try specialties include:
Kavourmas: A preserved meat dish often served with eggs or vegetables.
Bougatsa: A sweet or savory pastry filled with custard, cheese, or minced meat.
Baklava and Saragli: Syrupy desserts with layers of phyllo and nuts, showcasing Ottoman culinary traditions.
Local tavernas and cafes in the Old Town offer a cosy atmosphere to enjoy these delicacies, often accompanied by live music.
Shopping and Local Crafts
Xanthi is known for its handmade textiles, ceramics, and traditional sweets. The Saturday bazaar is the best place to find local products, including herbs, honey, and handcrafted items. The town also has several boutique shops selling regional wines and spirits, such as tsipouro and ouzo.
Alexandroupoli is a city in the Thrace region of Greece, in the extreme east of the country, the closest Greek city to the border with Turkey.
Church in Alexandroupoli in Thrace
Although written off in some books about Greece as being mainly a military base, Alexandroupoli in Thrace is in fact a very pleasant seaside resort with a long promenade and a long stretch of sandy beach. It is very much a family resort, and the beach has lots of facilities for children, as well as water-skiing, parascending and other watersports for the adults.
Alexandroupoli’s Narrow Old Town Streets
Beyond the promenade is the old part of the town, a warren of narrow streets with a delightful mix of workshops, junk shops, food stores, souvenir shops, bars and several good restaurants and cafés.
In the evening the promenade fills with Greeks – locals and visitors alike – doing their evening volta, or parade up and down, prior to eating and drinking. It is a lovely sight, when you will see grandparents walking hand-in-hand with tiny grandchildren, and groups of girls and boys taking the chance to eye each other.
The Alexandroupoli Lighthouse
Also on the promenade is the town’s most notable sight, its lighthouse, which was built in 1800 and is illuminated at night to add to the atmosphere. Alexandroupoli is a port as well, with ferries to the north-east Aegean islands and as far south as Rhodes and Kos in the Dodecanese.
It is also the closest town to the Turkish border (about 45kms/28 miles by road), and has rail links with Istanbul in Turkey, Sofia in Bulgaria, and with Athens via Thessaloniki.
Despite these links the town is not as multi-cultural as Komotini or Xanthi, say, as it only expanded in 1878 during the Russian-Turkish war when the Russians turned it into a purpose-built modern city. It was known then by its Turkish name of Dedeagac, which it had had since the 15th century, when it was merely a small and insignificant fishing village. It only acquired its modern name in 1919 after the then Greek King, Alexandros. It still is a military base, and you will certainly see soldiers in the streets, but it is much more pleasant than that limited description implies.
Map (c) Google Maps
Alexandroupoli’s Museums
Alexandroupoli is home to several fascinating museums that showcase the region’s history, biodiversity, and cultural heritage:
Ethnological Museum of Thrace
Housed in a neoclassical building, this museum offers a deep dive into the traditions and folklore of Thrace. Exhibits include traditional costumes, tools, and household items, providing insight into the daily lives of Thracian people.
Archaeological Museum of Alexandroupoli
This museum displays artifacts from the Neolithic to the Roman period. Highlights include pottery, coins, and sculptures unearthed from nearby ancient sites like Mesimvria and Traianoupoli.
Natural History Museum of Alexandroupoli
Dedicated to the biodiversity of the Evros region, this museum features exhibits on local flora, fauna, and ecosystems, including the Dadia Forest. It’s an excellent stop for nature lovers and families.
Other Things to See in Alexandroupoli
Central Market
Located near the port, the market is a lively place to shop for local produce, spices, and handmade goods.
Church of Saint Eleftherios
This beautiful Orthodox church is known for its architecture and serene atmosphere. It’s a peaceful place to reflect and admire religious art.
Makri Beach
A short drive from the city center, this beach offers clear waters and a relaxed vibe. It’s perfect for swimming, sunbathing, or enjoying fresh seafood at nearby tavernas.
Traianoupoli Ruins
Just outside the city, these ancient Roman ruins include thermal baths and remnants of a once-thriving settlement. They offer a glimpse into the region’s classical past.
Food and Drink
Alexandroupoli’s culinary scene reflects its multicultural influences and coastal location:
Seafood Tavernas
Fresh fish, octopus, and mussels are staples in local tavernas. Try grilled sardines or shrimp saganaki with a glass of ouzo.
Traditional Thracian Cuisine
Dishes like kavourmas (preserved meat), bougatsa (custard-filled pastry), and local cheeses offer a taste of regional flavors.
Cafés and Bars
The city’s waterfront is lined with stylish cafés and bars, ideal for enjoying a coffee or cocktail while watching the sunset.
Festivals and Events
Summer Cultural Festival
Held in July and August, this festival features concerts, theater performances, and art exhibitions.
Carnival Celebrations
In February, the city comes alive with parades, costumes, and music.
Alexandroupoli: More Information
You can find out more about Alexandroupoli on the city’s official website: alexpolis.gr
See Greece reviews the travel memoir An Aegean Odyssey by novelist Kathryn Gauci, an account of a journey to Athens, Chios, Lesvos, Rhodes, Karpathos & Crete.
By Mike Gerrard
What’s most interesting about An Aegean Odyssey for me, a writer, is the fact that the author made her journey through Greece and kept her journals before she had written a single book. She was learning to write as she travelled. She then put the journals away and only returned to them after she felt she had learned to write, as her numerous books and awards testify.
We readers can be thankful for that, as An Aegean Odyssey is an excellent and evocative tale of travels in Greece to very contrasting destinations: Athens, Chios, Lesvos, Rhodes, Karpathos, and Crete.
Gauci had worked in Greece, in Athens, as a carpet designer in the 1970s. About thirty years later, in 2005, she decided, almost on a whim, to put on hold her business as a textile designer in Melbourne and return to Greece in order (she hoped) to become a writer. Her husband, who sounds like a saint, readily supported his wife’s wish to travel halfway round the world and be away from home for two months, in order to try to become a writer… with no indication that she had any writing talent.
Well, her journey did produce a book, but it wasn’t the expected travel diary. It was a novel, which begins in 1822 in one of the places she visited, Chios. The story then moves to Smyrna in Turkey and then to Athens, another stop on the author’s Aegean Odyssey.
An Aegean Odyssey: Athens
An Aegean Odyssey
The first stop on the author’s journey is Athens, where she stays well away from the city centre and the tourist crowds, and reflects on her previous time in Athens, looking for the carpet factory where she works. She makes friends with neighbours and finds out just how much Athens (and she herself) has changed in the thirty years since she lived there. This is not a book where the author visits the familiar sites, and is all the better for it.
To Chios
The author then goes to Chios, a choice influenced by a painting she saw in the Louvre in Paris, Delacroix’s Scenes from the Massacre at Chios. This was painted in 1824, and the author’s first novel begins on Chios in 1822, so you can see how her trip inspired her future fiction writing.
An Aegean Odyssey: The Author
Kathryn Gauci is a British-born award-winning best-selling author who worked in Athens for six years as a carpet designer before settling to live in Melbourne, Australia. Here she ran a textile design studio before turning to writing, her work influencing her first novel, The Embroiderer, set in Greece.
Gauci has subsequently written numerous novels set in both Greece and Turkey, including an acclaimed series set during World War II. She became a USA Today Bestseller and an Amazon Bestseller, and has won several awards for her fiction.
History-Lover
The author is certainly a lover of Greek history – the Chios chapter begins with several pages of it – so if you’re as interested as I am in it, you’ll probably love the book, and the author’s historical novels.
But it’s not all dry factual history. If you’re a lover of good writing, you won’t be disappointed. Take this, for example:
I was surrounded by a palette of diverse, rich colours. Everything was saturated with the Mediterranean sunshine. Glowing purple aubergines contrasted with brilliant red tomatoes and glossy red peppers, bright green peppers, fresh green parsley and baby courgettes. Braids of garlic cascaded everywhere, and the carrots, potatoes, and onions still had a damp smell as if they had just been pulled out of the earth. There were mounds of beans in all shapes and sizes, enormous bunches of spinach, and my favourite of all, the delicate yellow-tipped courgette blossoms. In summer, fragrant fruits added another rush to the senses. Dark, velvety grapes, blush-coloured apricots, and orange-fleshed melons bursting with perfume made one feel glad to be alive.
What a beautiful vivid description – and the book is full of them. The author is clearly very observant, and she draws your attention to aspects of Greek life that you might take for granted, like the sound of church bells or the hand-drawn signs above shop doorways, like this:
The best and most creative signs of all are the milk and cheese shops, vegetable shops, and especially the butchers. They are in the centre of the old market streets, adding extra character to the area. Some of these signs take up the whole of the shop front, covering every centimetre of the wall except for the windows. One butcher has named his shop Eclectic and underneath is written Meats. On each side are stylised images of a leg of lamb and a chop.
I especially liked this comment:
I flop on my bed and watch the news on the BBC, where I am faced with wars, terrorism, and economic doom and gloom, with a little Hollywood gossip thrown in to add spice. I switch it off. Now I know why I left the real world behind me.
I was glad I left the real world behind me in the time I spent reading An Aegean Odyssey. It’s one of the best travel books about Greece that I’ve read in the past few years.
Patras, or Patra, in the Peloponnese is Greece’s third-largest city, home to Greece’s largest Carnival, with many Roman and Greek remains, museums and churches.
Patras Harbour
Although it is Greece’s third-biggest city, Patras in the Peloponnese isn’t much on the tourist trail. It doesn’t even have a direct flight with Athens, although you can drive there from Athens in 2-3 hours (and a very pleasant drive it is), or get there on the bus in 3-4 hours. If it’s known for anything it’s for being a busy port and for having the biggest Carnival celebrations in Greece.
Beach near Patras
When to Visit Patras
Patras has a Mediterranean climate and you can happily visit it at any time of year. Most rain falls in the winter and December is the wettest month with an average of 13 rainy days. However, the average temperature in December is 11.9C (53.4F) and it never falls below freezing.
The driest months are June to September, with very little rainfall. The average temperatures for those months ranges from 22.7-25.3C (72.9-77.5F), making it a very pleasant time to visit.
Many people visit in February when Patras holds the most famous Carnival in Greece (see below). The average temperature in February is 10.7C (51.3F) with about 10 rainy days during the month. If you plan to travel then, you should book accommodation well ahead.
Beach near Patras
Getting To and From Patras
By Air
Patras has an airport which gets seasonal charter flights from several European cities, though there are currently no direct flights between Patras and Athens.
By Bus
Patras is well-served with bus connections on the main KTEL network, including with Athens. with a journey time of 3-4 hours.
By Rail
There used to be a rail connection with Athens but today’s train network only extends to a few nearby towns and villages and isn’t likely to be used by most visitors.
By Road
The Rio-Antirrio Bridge near Patras
It takes about 2-3 hours to drive from Athens to Patras. From Patras you can easily get around the Peloponnese. If you want to avoid driving into the city then there is a ring road which takes you around it. You can also cross the Gulf of Corinth into Northern and Western Greece using the impressive and graceful Rio-Antirrio Bridge (officially the Charilaos Trikoupis Bridge).
By Sea
Patras has long been one of Greece’s major ports, both for commercial trade and passenger transport. It has ferry connections with several of the Ionian Islands, with the city of Igoumenitsa, and with several Italian ports, including Venice.
The Pier at Dusk in Patras
Things to See in Patras
Although it is a busy port, and many people pass through it every day, Patras has more than enough things to see to warrant a stay of a few days.
Patras Archaeological Museum
The building itself is strikingly modern, and it houses an impressive collection as Patras has many fine ancient archaeological sites.
Roman Remains
Patras was a major city when the Romans invaded Greece, and many Roman remains can be seen. These include the Roman Theatre from 160AD, a nearby Roman amphitheatre, an aqueduct, the ruins of a stadium, and parts of walls and bridges.
Greek Remains
Just outside Patras is a Mycenean Cemetery, which is one of the most important Mycenean sites outside of Mycenae itself.
Patras Castle
Overlooking the city, the castle dates back originally to the 6th century AD, although the walls you see today are from the Venetian period of the 17th-18th century. The interior has been turned into a public park.
St Andrew’s Cathedral
St Andrew’s Cathedral in Patras
St Andrew’s Cathedral is the most imposing church in Patras and is dedicated to the saint who was crucified in Patras in 69AD. The church was built on the spot where it is said to have happened.
Patras Carnival
Patras Carnival is famous throughout Greece, and is in fact one of the biggest Carnival celebrations throughout the whole of Europe. It’s been taking place for over 160 years. Events usually start in late January, depending on the dates of Greek Easter, and go through till the first Monday in Lent, known in Greece as Clean Monday. You can find out all about the Patras Carnival on the Carnival website.
The Mani in the south of the Peloponnese is the most southerly part of the Greek mainland and famous for its rugged landscape, historic feuds and tower houses.
Coast of the Mani
Of the three peninsulas that jut southward on the Peloponnese, the central ‘finger’ is the Mani. Its tip at Cape Matapan (Akra Tenaro) is the southernmost point of the Greek mainland, and the legendary entrance to Hades (Hell). Even without such associations, you know that when you enter the Mani you are entering a very special part of Greece.
The landscape becomes much more barren and rugged in the south of the region, known as the Lower Mani, where you will start to see the distinctive stone tower houses that hint at the violence that existed here in the past.
In the Mani on the Peloponnese
History of The Mani
The remoteness of the Mani meant that it was always a place of escape or refuge, and the families who settled here in the 15th century became very clan-like, fighting bitterly for the best areas of land. The Nyklian family were dominant and at first they alone had the right to build onto their properties the characteristic tall, square, stone towers, which were used for both defence and attack. The taller the tower, the easier it was to fire down on enemies through the narrow slits of windows.
Tower Houses of the Mani
Tower House In the Mani on the Peloponnese
Eventually other families began to build towers, each trying to build as high as possible. If one family offended another, or killed someone, then a feud began, heralded by the ringing of church bells and a retreat by the respective families into their towers. Such feuds often lasted for years and down generations, as the sense of honour was great. There was no difficulty in keeping the tower houses supplied as women were protected and could continue to bring food and drink into the towers for the men.
The only hiatus in the feuding came at harvest time when a truce was called. A feud could only be ended by total annihilation or capitulation by one party. The last recorded feud of this kind took place in 1870 in Kita, and was stopped only by the intervention of the Greek army.
Where to See the Tower Houses
Kita is one place where the tower houses survive, and there are also several clustered dramatically in the village of Vatheia, in the far south of the Mani, but you will see others as you travel around, sometimes just a single tower in an isolated village.
Travel Writers in The Mani
Kardamyli in the Mani
There is much more to the Mani, though, than feuds and a barren landscape. Several delightful fishing villages welcome visitors in summer, such as Stoupa and Kardamyli. In a grave just outside Kardamyli is the grave of the British travel writer and novelist Bruce Chatwin (1940-1989) who loved the area. He was inspired by one of his heroes, another British travel writer, Patrick Leigh Fermor. Fermor lived in Kardamyli for many years and his house still stands. His travel book, Mani, is essential reading if you plan to travel in the region
Around the Mani
Stone Wall in the Mani
The northern region, known as the Outer Mani, is dominated by the mountain range of Taygetos, a defiant spine of rock climbing to a height of 7,885 ft (2,404 m). The lower slopes offer wonderful walking opportunities, as well as a scenic backdrop of pine forests, but seek the advice of local guides if you plan to do anything more adventurous.
The main town of the Inner Mani, the southern part of the peninsula, is Areopoli. This town provides all the facilities you might want, including a few hotels, but it is not the best place to be based for any length of time. On the coast a few miles south of Areopolis is one of the region’s main attractions, the Spilia Dirou, or Diros Caves.
You can combine a 30-minute boat ride into the underground cave network with a short exploration on foot of the Alepotripa Caves. Both have dramatic stalactites and stalagmites. Those in the Diros Caves are enhanced by the echoey, damp atmosphere and striking reflections in the water.
Githio
Githio
The main town on the east coast of the Mani is Githio, which is also the capital of the whole area but very different in style from the rest of the Mani. It’s a busy and prosperous little port, with several good restaurants around its attractive harbour. With the remains of a Roman theatre, beaches on its outskirts, and a wide choice of accommodation, it’s a good place to be based and to relax while you make forays into the rest of the Mani.
Sparta (or Sparti) in the Peloponnese of Greece was one of the most important city-states of ancient Greece and has significant archaeological remains.
View of Modern Sparta and Mount Taygetus from Mystras in the Peloponnese in Greece
Sparta isn’t on most people’s list of must-see places in Greece, but it has a distinguished history and an archaeological site which makes it worth visiting for a day or two. See our list of the Top Archaeological Sites in the Peloponnese.
The History of Sparta
The long and remarkable history of Sparta has filled many books, so we won’t try to emulate those here. The city is thought to have been founded in about the 9th century BC, and by 650 BC was the greatest military power in ancient Greece. It fought and defeated Athens in the Peloponnesian War of 431 to 404 BC, though began to go into decline after the Romans conquered Greece in 146 BC. Today it is the capital of the Greek region of Laconia, and has a population of under 40,000.
What to Do in Sparta
Ancient Sparta
Ruins of Ancient Theater at Sparta on the Peloponnese in Greece
The site of Ancient Sparta is just a few minutes’ drive north of the city centre, where housing gives way to agriculture. If you leave the city on the main road to the site you will first come across the Statue of Leonidas. Leonidas was one of Sparta’s prominent kings, and his tomb can be found at the site of Ancient Sparta.
As well as the tomb of Leonidas, at Ancient Sparta you will also find the remains of a theatre, the acropolis, ancient walls, a temple, and a 10th-century monastic church.
Sparta Archaeological Museum
Entrance to the Archaeological Museum in Sparta on the Peloponnese in Greece
Sparta’s Archaeological Museum naturally has the rich finds from the site of Ancient Sparta. It’s one of the oldest archaeological museums in Greece and was the first outside Athens when it opened in 1876. It’s now a listed building and also contains Roman remains, Roman mosaics, and finds from the wider region of Laconia.
On the very southwestern edge of the city is this absolutely fascinating museum which explores everything about the olive and olive oil, both central to the Greek economy. You’ll see fossilised olive leaves that are 60,000 year old, learn about the history of the olive tree from prehistoric times, the harvesting of olives, the many uses of olive oil, and see examples of olive presses throughout history as well as working miniature models of olive presses.
Sparta City Centre
Getting to Sparta
Sparta is in the centre of the southern half of the Peloponnese. It’s to the east of Mount Taygetos in the Evrotas River valley.
Sparta is about an hour’s drive east of Kalamata if you take the much longer but much quicker route via Gefyra, and about 90 minutes if you take the straight route due east through the mountains. It’s almost a two-hour drive southwest from Nafplion, and three-to-four hours from Patras.
If you’re flying, the nearest international airport is in Kalamata, with a wide range of seasonal flights from throughout Europe. The other alternative is to fly to Athens and rent a car. It’s a two-to-three-hour drive to Sparta if going direct from Athens International Airport.
The See Greece travel guide to Ancient Olympia in the Peloponnese of mainland Greece, home to the original Olympic Games.
Ancient Olympia on the Peloponnese in Greece
Olympia attracted athletes and spectators from all over Greece to take part in the Olympic Games, which were held every four years without interruption for over 1,000 years.
History of Ancient Olympia
The games were first officially held at Olympia in the Peloponnese in 776BC and contests ranged from chariot races to poetry and music, but it is the running track here which is the site’s greatest attraction to many of today’s visitors. Temples and other buildings may have crumbled, but the simple running track with its starting and finishing lines still intact seems to put us in more direct touch with the Ancient Greeks as people just like us.
Ancient Olympia on the Peloponnese in Greece
Entering the Stadium
Walking down the entry tunnel and under an arch that dates back to the 3rd century BC takes you right into the stadium itself. Stand in the centre of the stadium, which was built in the 4th century BC, and it is easy to imagine the 20,000 spectators sitting all around and cheering the contestants on. Their prize for the winners was traditionally a branch from a sacred olive tree, but perks from their home towns were certainly also available.
Lighting the Olympic Torch
Ancient Olympia on the Peloponnese in Greece
This is the stadium where the Olympic torch is lit every four years and then carried around the world to the host city of the next Olympics.
There is much more of interest at the site than simply the stadium, however. It’s surprising how large the site is, a reminder that it was the ancient equivalent of modern Olympic villages, catering for the arrival of thousands of competitors, and their entourages.
Great Temple of Zeus
Ancient Olympia on the Peloponnese in Greece
The remains of the Great Temple of Zeus (5th century BC) show the effects of an earthquake in the 5th century AD which threw its columns to the ground. It was the centre of the site and the same size as the Parthenon in Athens, giving an indication of its importance.
At the opposite end of the scale is the studio of the sculptor Pheidias, who worked here on making the statue of Zeus for the temple. Pheidias is also the man who was behind the work on the Parthenon in Athens. Across from the studio is the Leonidaion, which is the guesthouse where VIPs would stay.
Behind this is the Bouleuterion, which was a meeting house where the equivalent of today’s International Olympic Committee would hold their meetings. It’s also where the competitors would swear to uphold the Olympic rules, before making their way into the stadium.
Ancient Olympia Site Museum
A cup inscribed with the name of Pheidias was found on the site and is on display in the excellent site museum, which rivals museums in places like Athens and Delphi. It was the cup which helped archaeologists identify the location of the workshop, and tools from there are also on display. There are also well-lit displays of some fine statues, as well as bronze heads, helmets and a gallery of items directly connected with the Olympic Games. These include a bronze discus, stones used by weightlifters and some starting blocks which pre-date the existing stadium.
Hermes of Praxiteles in the Museum at Ancient Olympia
The star attraction in the museum is the Hermes of Praxiteles, a glorious marble carving of the messenger of the gods, sculpted by Praxiteles and considered to be one of the finest Classical statues to have survived the centuries.
The Pentathlon
One of the most important events at the original Olympic Games was the pentathlon, which was added to the list of events in 708BC. It combined discus, javelin, jumping, running, and wrestling. The exact order in which the events were held is unknown, but ancient texts reveal that wrestling was always the last in the line-up.
The ultimate victor needed to excel in speed, strength, skill, and endurance, accounting for each event’s own peculiarities.
For the discus throw, the athlete stood facing the opposite direction of his intended target (a delineated area of 40-60 degrees) holding the discus along the outer edge with the tips of his fingers. He then quickly rotated through 540 degrees and released it, flinging it as far as possible into the marked area.
The javelin was made of wood with a metal tip, and had a leather handle attached in the middle for increased accuracy.
For the long jump, the Olympians used lead ot stone weights, called halteres, to help lengthen their jump. By swinging the halteres backward in mid-jump, the shift of momentum carried them further.
The fundamentals of running were very much the same for the ancient athletes as they are today, but the foot events weren’t always so streamlined. The hoplitodromos, for example, required the competitors to race in military armour that weighed about 40-60 pounds (18-27 kg).
Ancient wrestling, too, was somewhat similar to today, except that the men were naked. Biting and genital grabbing were not allowed, although the competitors did try to give themselves a strategic edge by coating themselves in lard.
Ancient Olympia was made a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1989 and you can learn more on the UNESCO website.
The See Greece guide to Nafplion in the Peloponnese, one of the loveliest towns in Greece and close to Tiryns, Mycenae and Epidavros.
Bourtzi Castle off Nafplion in the Peloponnese
Nafplion in the Peloponnese was the Greek capital before Athens and today is a charming waterfront town with good restaurants, museums, shopping, beaches, old fortresses and a delightful atmosphere.
Nafplion (or Nafplio) is one of the most appealing towns in Greece, perhaps even in Europe. It has a lovely waterfront with beaches nearby, a fine headland with wonderful views, several fortresses, some interesting museums, an offshore island to admire, a sophisticated feel to the town with some chic hotels and so many good restaurants that, no matter how long you can manage to stay, you’ll wish you were here for longer.
Much of its charm stems from the medieval architecture of its old town, dating from the second Venetian occupation (1686-1715), not to mention its looming castles and watery vistas. The narrow streets and pristine whitewashed houses of the old town are reminiscent of the Greek islands.
Nafplion is also a convenient base if you want to visit ancient sites including Mycenae and Epidavros, both within a 30-minute drive, and Tiryns, which is only five minutes away.
Bourtzi Fortress
What to See in Nafplion
Archaeological Museum
The Archaeological Museum of Nafplion offers a captivating journey through the ancient history of Argolis, housed in a stunning Venetian-era building in the heart of Nafplion.
Located in Syntagma Square, the museum occupies a two-storey structure originally built in 1713 during the second Venetian occupation. Since its conversion into a museum in 1926, it has become a cultural landmark showcasing artifacts from the Paleolithic to Roman periods. The museum’s collection highlights the rich archaeological heritage of southern Argolis, with a particular emphasis on Mycenaean civilization.
One of its most remarkable exhibits is the Dendra Panoply, a complete bronze armor set from the 15th century BCE, discovered in a Mycenaean tomb at Dendra. This rare artifact, accompanied by a boar-tusk helmet, offers a glimpse into the martial traditions of ancient warriors.
Visitors can also explore finds from Franchthi Cave, one of the oldest continuously inhabited sites in Greece, along with ceramics, tools, and burial items from various prehistoric and classical periods.
Bourtzi Fortress
Bourtzi Fortress
The Bourtzi Fortress is a striking sea castle perched on a small islet in Nafplion’s harbor, offering a glimpse into the town’s layered history and Venetian legacy.
Built in 1473 by Italian engineer Antonio Gambello during the first Venetian occupation, Bourtzi—meaning “tower” in Ottoman Turkish—was designed to protect Nafplion’s port from pirate attacks and naval invasions. Its strategic location allowed it to work in tandem with the land-based bastion known as the “Five Brothers,” effectively controlling access to the harbour.
Bourtzi Fortress
Over the centuries, the Bourtzi served various roles: from a military outpost to a residence for executioners during the Greek War of Independence, and later as a hotel in the mid-20th century. The fortress features three levels connected by movable stairs, with entrances on both the north and south sides. Its compact design and panoramic views make it a popular destination for visitors, accessible by a short boat ride from Nafplion’s port.
Folklore Museum
The Folklore Museum of Nafplion, officially known as the Peloponnesian Folklore Foundation “Vasilios Papantoniou,” is a celebrated cultural institution preserving Greece’s traditional heritage.
Founded in 1974 by costume designer Ioanna Papantoniou in memory of her father, the museum is housed in a beautifully restored 19th-century neoclassical building in Nafplion’s historic center. It gained international recognition in 1981, winning the European Museum of the Year Award for its innovative exhibition on natural textiles in Greece.
The museum’s extensive collection includes traditional costumes, textiles, household items, tools, musical instruments, and photographs that reflect everyday life in the Peloponnese from the 18th to the 20th century. Highlights include intricately embroidered garments, bridal attire, and silver jewellery, showcasing the artistry and symbolism of Greek folk traditions.
Visitors can explore themed exhibits on weaving, dyeing, embroidery, and the role of textiles in marriage customs and dowries. The museum also features temporary exhibitions, educational programs, and a well-curated gift shop offering high-quality local crafts.
Its Kale Fortress
Its Kale, also known as the Acronafplia Fortress, is the oldest fortification in Nafplion, Greece, perched on a rocky peninsula overlooking the Argolic Gulf. The name “Its Kale” comes from the Ottoman Turkish for “inner castle,” reflecting its strategic role during Ottoman rule.
Originally dating back to prehistoric times, the fortress evolved through the Byzantine, Frankish, and Venetian periods, each leaving architectural imprints. Its massive stone walls, some rising over 85 meters, once housed military prisons and offered commanding views of the city and sea. Today, Its Kale is a serene historic site offering panoramic vistas and a glimpse into Nafplion’s layered past
Palamidi Fortress
View from Palamidi Fortress in Nafplion
The Palamidi Fortress is a majestic 18th-century stronghold towering over Nafplion, offering breathtaking views and rich historical intrigue.
Constructed by the Venetians between 1711 and 1714 during their second occupation of the Peloponnese, Palamidi is one of the best-preserved examples of baroque military architecture in Greece. The fortress was built in record time and strategically positioned on a high hill, 216 meters (709 feet) above sea level, to defend against Ottoman advances.
Palamidi has eight bastions, each named after a different figure or saint, and interconnected by a network of walls and stairways. One of its most famous bastions, Miltiades, served as a prison for Theodoros Kolokotronis, a hero of the Greek War of Independence. Visitors can explore the cells, battlements, and panoramic viewpoints that stretch across Nafplion, the Argolic Gulf, and the surrounding countryside. Palamidi is accessible by a scenic drive or a climb up the 999-step staircase from the town below.
View of Nafplion from the Palamidi Fortress
War Museum
The War Museum of Nafplion offers a compelling look into Greece’s military history, housed in the country’s first military academy building, originally established by Governor Ioannis Kapodistrias.
Operating as a branch of the War Museum of Athens since 1988, this museum is located in Nafplion’s old town. The building itself is a historical landmark, once serving as the first War Academy of Greece. Inside, visitors encounter a rich collection of artifacts spanning from the Greek War of Independence (1821–1832) to the Balkan Wars, World War II, and other pivotal conflicts.
Exhibits include original weapons, uniforms, medals, flags, and personal items that belonged to soldiers and revolutionaries. The museum also features paintings, photographs, and documents that narrate Greece’s struggle for freedom and sovereignty. A highlight is the display of handmade war flags and the bust of Kapodistrias, symbolizing the nation’s enduring fight for independence.
Ioannis Kapodistrias
Ioannis Kapodistrias (1776–1831) was a distinguished Greek statesman and diplomat who became the first Governor of independent Greece.
Born in Corfu under Venetian rule, Kapodistrias studied medicine, law, and philosophy at the University of Padua. His early political career began in the Septinsular Republic, where he served as Secretary of State. His diplomatic talents led him to the Russian Empire, where he became Foreign Minister under Tsar Alexander I, playing a key role in shaping European affairs, including the reorganization of Switzerland.
Kapodistrias was a fervent supporter of the Greek War of Independence and resigned from Russian service in 1822 to advocate for the Greek cause. In 1827, he was elected as the first Governor of Greece by the Third National Assembly. He arrived in Nafplion in 1828 and began building the foundations of a modern state—establishing schools, reorganizing the military, and centralizing administration.
Despite his reforms, Kapodistrias faced fierce opposition from regional leaders and foreign interests. His authoritarian style and resistance to local autonomy led to political unrest. On September 27, 1831, he was assassinated outside the church of Agios Spiridon, by two villainous chieftains from the Mani region in the southern Peloponnese. You can still see the bulletholes in the wall of the church. Three years later, in 1834, Athens became the new capital of modern Greece.
Nafplion Restaurants at Night
Shopping in Nafplion
Shopping in Nafplion is a delightful blend of tradition, artistry, and boutique charm, especially in the cobbled streets of the Old Town.
Start by walking along Staikopoulou Street, the heart of Nafplion’s shopping scene, where souvenir shops, artisan boutiques, and local craft stores line the marble-paved walkways. The town is known for its handmade leather sandals, evil-eye jewelry, and locally produced ceramics. Shops like Polytimi Pottery offer exquisite candle-holders and decorative items crafted with creative glazing techniques.
Beyond souvenirs, Nafplion boasts fashion boutiques, art galleries, and specialty food shops selling things like olive oil, honey, and herbal teas. The atmosphere is relaxed and welcoming, with many shopkeepers eager to share the stories behind their products. Hidden alleys reveal treasures like Antiminsio, a gallery and gift shop praised for its curated selection of Greek art and design.
The ruined Byzantine city of Mystras sits on the top and the slopes of a hill that juts out from the plain and is one of the most remarkable places in Greece.
Mystras in the Peloponnese
A wander around this magical Byzantine city in the Peloponnese is a sheer delight. Its setting is spectacular, on a hill rising from a plain at the edge of the Taygetos Mountains, which thrust down into the Mani. Atmospheric ruins sprawl over the top and slopes of the hill, with enough remaining to give a good idea of what life must have been like for the 42,000 people who lived here in the 15th century.
History of Mystras
View of Modern Sparta and Mount Taygetus from Mystras in the Peloponnese in Greece
The city was founded in 1249 by the Franks, who had taken control of Greece at the start of the 13th century. It owes its existence to Guillaume II de Villehardouin, who planned Mystras as the third of his strongholds in this region, the others being Monemvasia, and Tigani in the Inner Mani. He saw Mystras as a replacement for nearby Sparta, which lies in the plain.
Mystras fell to the Byzantines in 1262, but the new town that grew up in and around the fortress began to flourish. It developed as a notable centre of artistic excellence, attracting painters from as far afield as Italy and Constantinople (Istanbul).
Mystras in the Peloponnese
Entrances to Mystras
There are two entrances to the site. Approaching from Sparta, you first come to the lower entrance. The second entrance is at the top of the hill, and both have parking. There is no particular advantage to either of them, although if you don’t enjoy a lot of climbing you might want to explore the lower slopes first before driving to the top and then looking around there.
Whichever you choose, a map is essential and there’s a decent one in the guide we recommend, the Bradt Guide to the Peloponnese, which we recently helped to update. It’s a real labyrinth and you can’t explore it all without some doubling back.
Mystras in the Peloponnese
The Mitropolis
If you begin at the bottom and turn right you come almost at once to the Mitropolis, the cathedral, which dates to 1309, making it the oldest church in Mystras. Inside are some 14th-century frescoes and, conspicuous on the floor, a stone with the Byzantine double-headed eagle carved into it. On this spot the man who was to become the last Byzantine emperor, Constantine XI Paleologus, was given the title of Despot of the Morea in 1443. He became emperor in 1449 and ruled until 1453.
Mystras in the Peloponnese
Mystras: Convents and Monasteries
Beyond the Mitropolis is the convent of Pantanassa, whose few remaining nuns are the only people still living in Mystras. They sell refreshments and their own handicrafts at busy times of the year. Not surprisingly, the church of this working convent is the best preserved in Mystras. Built in 1365, it was the last to be constructed in this walled hillside town.
Turn left at the bottom entrance to reach the Perivleptos Monastery. The church here has particularly fine 14th-century frescoes around the dome which, in accordance with Byzantine convention, carries an image of Christ Pantokrator (the Almighty or All-Powerful).
Mystras in the Peloponnese
Kastro
The dominant feature at the top of the site is the castle, or Kastro, though first you come to the Palace Chapel of Agia Sofia with its stunning marble floors. Below here it is possible to walk around the castle keep, which gives wonderful views over the ruined city. This dramatic spot is where the German writer and scientist Goethe (1749-1832) set the meeting between Faust and Helen of Troy in his famous play, Faust.
Mystras in the Peloponnese
Despots’ Palace
In addition to the Kastro, there is also the Despots’ Palace. The first Byzantine rulers here were the Despots of Morea, Morea being the name for this whole region of Greece. The palace has survived well over the centuries. One wing dates from the original Frankish days, and another was added in the 14th century. This section includes a throne room that was used for the coronation of several Byzantine kings. The palace has been closed for extensive renovation for many years with no note of when it might re-open, though when it does it will certainly add even more glory to the remarkable site of Mystras.
Monemvasia in the Peloponnese is the Greek Rock of Gibraltar, a huge offshore rock which conceals a tiny town connected to the mainland by a single road.
Monemvasia
It’s astonishing that the name of Monemvasia in the Peloponnese is hardly known outside of Greece, because it’s one of the most extraordinary towns in the whole country. The result is that it remains relatively unspoiled, though it can get busy when there’s an influx of cruise ship passengers. Those who do venture to Monemvasia can discover for themselves what a very special place it is.
A huge mountain of a rock stands offshore, linked to the mainland by a single stretch of road. This is Monemvasia, known as the Gibraltar of Greece. When you approach it for the first time you may feel that, yes, it is an impressive site, but once you’ve seen it, what then? Well, then you walk or drive along the road to the entrance. If you drive, be ready to leave your car outside.
Monemvasia
The word Monemvasia means ‘single entrance’. To discover the secrets of this remarkable island you must walk through the single doorway, as if entering a medieval castle or something from Game of Thrones. The doorway is only wide enough to accommodate a loaded donkey.
Entering Monemvasia
As you pass through that entrance, you feel as if you’re stepping back in time to the 15th century, when Monemvasia was a busy Byzantine city of some 50,000 people. Today its permanent population stands at about 50, leaving it full of ghosts and echoes of the past. Some of the old houses have been renovated and turned into hotels or other accommodation, and others have become restaurants or gift shops.
A Friendly Local Welcome
But developments have been on a very small scale and the atmosphere remains unique. The hotels are small, so if you want to stay in the old town and experience the full flavour of Monemvasia, then make reservations well ahead. There are also several small and simple hotels in the modern town across on the mainland, where the bulk of the population lives, about 1,500 people, many of them going into the old town to work.
Monemvasia
The History of Monemvasia
The rock of Monemvasia became an island when it was severed from the mainland by an earthquake in 375AD, and the first people moved in to live on the island when the first road was built in the 6th century. It became a vitally important port, controlling the passage of ships travelling around the southern Peloponnese between Italy and Constantinople (modern Istanbul).
Monemvasia Church
With its one entrance and sheer sides, the rock was virtually impregnable, and the only time it fell was in 1821 during the War of Independence when Turkish occupiers were trapped here and besieged by the Greeks. After five months the people inside were reduced to eating grass, rats and even, it’s reputed, each other before they surrendered.
Spot the Town!
Dining on the island today is, you’ll be pleased to know, more sophisticated. Whether you visit by day or in the evening, allow time to wander through the streets – not just the main streets but the back streets too, where crumbling churches and houses create a picture of what life used to be like here, though it is still hard to imagine 50,000 people being crammed into this space.
Yannis Ritsos
Monemvasia
Immediately on your left as you go through the entrance gate is the house where the respected Greek poet Yannis Ritsos (1909-1990) was born. At the far end of the village, look for the church of Panagia Chrysafitissa. Its original date is uncertain, but it was restored by the venetians in the 18th century. Its bell hangs from an acacia tree. Close by is the larger church of Agios Nikolaos, built in 1703. All these are in what is known as the Lower Town.
Monemvasia’s Upper Town
Church of Agia Sofia in Monemvasia
The approach to the Upper Town at the top of the rock is by a zigzag stone path which leads to another entrance, still with its original iron gates. All that remains of the Upper Town, however, is the 13th-century Byzantine church of Agia Sofia, standing alone at the very top of the site. Do try to make the effort to reach it, because the views along the coast from here are very impressive.
Kalamata in the Peloponnese is the area’s second-biggest city and is world-famous for the quality of its olives and for the nearby site of Ancient Messene.
The Marina at Kalamata
Kalamata is the second-largest city in the Peloponnese after Patras, with a population of about 70,000. Like Patras, it’s never really become a big tourist destination. Instead, Kalamata’s top-quality olives have made its name known around the world. In Greece it’s also known as the home of a dance called the Kalamatianos.
Kalamata History
Kalamata’s history spans from Homeric times to its pivotal role in the fight for Greek independence, making it one of the Peloponnese’s most storied cities. Kalamata traces its roots to ancient Pharai, mentioned in Homer’s Iliad as part of King Agamemnon’s realm.
During the Mycenaean period, the surrounding region of Messenia was a major center of civilization, with nearby Pylos as a powerful hub. In classical antiquity, Messenia often fell under Spartan control, though it retained cultural distinctiveness.
Kalamata at Night
Kalamata gained prominence during the Byzantine era, especially after the decline of neighboring cities. Kalamata Castle, built in the 6th century and expanded by the Franks in the 13th century, reflects this medieval growth.
On March 23, 1821, Kalamata became the first Greek city liberated from Ottoman rule, marking a key moment in the Greek War of Independence. Today, the city blends its rich past with modern vitality, known for its olives, cultural festivals, and historical landmarks like the Church of the Holy Apostles, where the revolution was declared.
Map (c) Google Maps
What to See in Kalamata
There are a few things for the visitor to see in Kalamata, including a municipal art gallery and a folk art museum. Some of the other attractions include:
Archaeological Museum of Messenia
The Archaeological Museum of Messenia naturally contains finds from all over the region, especially from Ancient Messene (see below). They’re displayed in four different sections for the four different regions making up Messenia: Kalamata, Messene, Pylia and Triphylia.
Cathedral of Ypapanti
The Cathedral of Ypapanti in Kalamata is a revered religious and architectural landmark, central to the city’s identity and spiritual life. Built between 1860 and 1873, the Cathedral of Ypapanti tou Sotiros, to give it its full name, stands on the site of earlier temples destroyed during conflicts in the 18th and 19th centuries. It was badly damaged in the major earthquake which devastated Kalamata in 1986, and was subsequently restored.
Church of the Holy Apostles (Agioi Apostoloi) in Kalamata
It showcases neo-Byzantine architecture, with twin bell towers and a grand dome. Inside, it houses the miraculous icon of Panagia Ypapanti, discovered in Ottoman ruins and believed to protect the city. Each year at the cathedral on February 2nd, Kalamata celebrates the Feast of the Presentation of the Lord, drawing pilgrims and visitors alike.
Kalamata Castle
Kalamata Castle is a medieval fortress perched on a hill overlooking the city. Built in the 13th century by the Franks of the Principality of Achaea, the castle incorporates remnants of earlier Byzantine and ancient Pharae structures. It played a strategic role through centuries of conflict, passing through the hands of Byzantines, Venetians, and Ottomans.
A church within the castle once housed an icon of the Virgin Mary, inspiring the name “Kalamata” from “Kalomata” (beautiful eyes). Though partially ruined, the site offers panoramic views and a glimpse into the region’s layered history and cultural resilience.
Kalamata Back Street
Kalamata Municipal Railway Park
The Kalamata Municipal Railway Park is the only open-air railway museum in Greece. Established in 1986 and fully opened in 1990, the park spans 5.4 hectares on the site of the old Kalamata-Limin station. It features a rich collection of historic locomotives, including steam and diesel engines, passenger cars, and freight wagons donated by the Hellenic Railways Organisation (OSE). Visitors can explore railway platforms, a metal footbridge, and a water tower, all set within lush greenery. The park is ideal for families and history enthusiasts, offering a nostalgic journey through Greece’s transportation past.
Ancient Messene
The site of Ancient Messene is about a 40-minute drive northwest of Kalamata, and not to be confused with the modern town of Messini which you pass through on the way. The archaeological site is 25 minutes further on, after you drive through Messini.
The site sprawls over the sides of Mount Othoni, which is about 800m (2,625ft) high and which is also home to the lovely little village of Mavromati. There are some rooms to rent here if you want to spend the night, rather than down in Kalamata. If you climb to the top of Mount Othoni you’ll get great views over a lot of the southern Peloponnese.
When you see the extent of the remains you realise what an important city this must have been. What’s also remarkable is that the city was protected by walls which were about 10m (33ft) high and ran for 9km (5.6 miles). The walls were built in about 369BC and stood almost undamaged for 750 years.
Kalamata Olives
Kalamata Olives for Sale
Kalamata is part of the Messenia regional unit, one of several regional units that make up the Peloponnese. According to European Union (EU) law, only olives grown in this region can be called Kalamata olives. The same applies to olive oil from the region. However, this type of olive is grown in many other parts of the world where there’s no law against calling them Kalamata olives.
Kalamata olives are dark brown olives that are very plump and meaty, which is why they are so highly-regarded. They are a dark purple/black colour, and must be hand-picked to help prevent them getting bruised. If you ate one straight from the tree it would taste very bitter, which is why they are first soaked, with various methods used to get almost all of the bitterness out of them.
See Greece picks the best time to visit Zakynthos, with a monthly summary of the weather, plus hotel prices and special events to help plan a visit.
Zakynthos
Zakynthos in the Ionian Islands is a paradise known for its Mediterranean climate, with warm summers and mild winters. It’s a place where you can enjoy the sun, sea, and sand, but also explore historical sites, enjoy local cuisine, and participate in cultural events.
But when is the best time to visit Zakynthos? Let’s take a month-by-month look at the island’s weather, hotel prices, and special events.
Best Time to Visit Zakynthos: Month-by-Month
January is the coldest month in Zakynthos, with average temperatures ranging from 41°F (5°C) to 55°F (13°C). The average rainfall is around 3.9 inches (99mm), and snowfall is rare. Hotel prices are at their lowest, making it a good time for budget travelers.
February sees similar temperatures to January, with averages between 41°F (5°C) and 57°F (14°C). Rainfall averages at 3.1 inches (78mm). Hotel prices remain low, and while there are no major events, the island’s natural beauty is still a draw.
In March, temperatures start to rise, averaging between 45°F (7°C) and 60°F (16°C), with rainfall decreasing to 2.4 inches (61mm). Hotel prices remain relatively low, and the Zakynthos Carnival, a vibrant event filled with parades and parties, takes place.
April sees a significant increase in temperature, with averages between 50°F (10°C) and 66°F (19°C). Rainfall further decreases to 1.6 inches (41mm). Hotel prices start to rise slightly, but it’s still a good time to visit before the peak season. Greek Easter often falls in April, a very special time to visit Zakynthos.
May marks the beginning of the warm season, with temperatures ranging from 57°F (14°C) to 75°F (24°C). Rainfall is minimal at 0.8 inches (20mm). Hotel prices continue to rise, but it’s a great time to visit for the Zakynthos Flower Festival, a celebration of spring and nature.
June is a popular month to visit Zakynthos, with temperatures between 64°F (18°C) and 84°F (29°C). Rainfall is almost non-existent at 0.4 inches (10mm). Hotel prices are high, but the island’s beaches and waters are at their best.
July is the hottest month, with temperatures ranging from 70°F (21°C) to 89°F (32°C). Rainfall is minimal, and hotel prices are at their peak. The Zakynthos International Music Festival also offers a unique cultural experience.
August continues the heat, with temperatures between 70°F (21°C) and 88°F (31°C). Rainfall remains low, and hotel prices are still high. The island’s nightlife is best during this month, with numerous beach parties and music events.
September sees a slight decrease in temperature, averaging between 64°F (18°C) and 82°F (28°C). Rainfall is still low at 0.8 inches (20mm). Hotel prices start to decrease, making it a good time to visit for those looking for a balance between good weather and affordability.
October brings cooler temperatures, ranging from 57°F (14°C) to 73°F (23°C), and rainfall increases to 2.8 inches (71mm). Hotel prices continue to decrease, and the Zakynthos Autumn Festival, a celebration of local culture and cuisine, takes place.
In November, temperatures drop further to between 50°F (10°C) and 64°F (18°C), with rainfall increasing to 3.5 inches (89mm). Hotel prices are low.
December marks the beginning of winter, with temperatures between 45°F (7°C) and 59°F (15°C), and rainfall at its highest at 4.3 inches (109mm). Hotel prices are at their lowest, making it a good time for budget travelers.
Best Time to Visit Zakynthos: Summary
In conclusion, the best time to visit Zakynthos depends on what you’re looking for. If you’re after warm weather and don’t mind the crowds or higher prices, June to August is your best bet.
If you prefer milder weather, fewer tourists, and lower prices, consider visiting during the shoulder seasons of April to May or September to October.
And if you’re a budget traveler who doesn’t mind cooler weather and fewer events, the winter months of November to March could be for you. Regardless of when you choose to visit, Zakynthos is sure to offer a memorable experience.
The Temple of Bassae in Messenia in the Peloponnese of Greece is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and one of the most important archaeological sites in Greece.
The Temple of Apollo Epikourios at Bassae in the Peloponnese
The Temple of Bassae (or Vassae) is also known as the Temple of Apollo Epicurius. The name Bassae is an Ancient Greek word meaning ‘the little vale in the rocks’. It was the first place in Greece to be included on UNESCO’s list of World Heritage Sites, even ahead of the Acropolis.
Bassae is one of the least visited of the many important archaeological sites in the Peloponnese. It’s in a remote setting in Messenia, about a 20-minute winding drive south of the mountain village of Andritsaina. It’s a rugged part of the country, and visiting here is real Greek travel. We spent the night in Andritsaina and drove straight to the Temple of Bassae after breakfast. It is a truly remarkable place.
Andritsaina
Andritsaina is somewhere between a town and a village, with a population of about 2,000 people. Although it’s not on the well-trodden tourist trail, it does have a few small hotels and tavernas. It’s well worth a night’s stay before or after visiting Bassae, for some hearty mountain food, and some great views.
Andritsaina stands at an elevation of 705 m (2,313 ft), with the Temple of Bassae even higher at 1,131 m (3,711 ft). It’s only a few miles from Andritsaina to the temple.
Map (c) Google Maps
Visiting the Temple of Bassae
What’s unusual about the temple is that it is considered so precious that a huge protective covering has been erected over it, to shield it from the elements, while excavation and conservation work is carried out. It’s a very strange experience, as from the outside it looks a bit like a circus tent, and you feel privileged to pop your head inside and see the temple itself.
It’s also a very dramatic experience, and the intimacy of being inside the tent with the temple makes the well-preserved building seem all the more impressive and imposing.
History of the Temple of Bassae
The temple was built in the 5th century BC and dedicated to Apollo Epikourios (Apollo the Helper). It’s believed to have been designed by the architect Iktinos, who was one of the two architects responsible for the Parthenon in Athens.
The temple was used up until about the 4th or 5th century AD, when the Romans closed what they regarded as pagan temples in Greece. It’s unusual in that it has examples of all three styles of Greek columns: Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian. In fact the Corinthian capital here is the oldest known example in Greece.
As with the Parthenon in Athens, the temple was plundered by the British, including the magnificent frieze. This is now on display in the British Museum in London, alongside the Parthenon Marbles. Is it too much to hope that one day it will be returned and put back in its right place on the Temple of Bassae?
Architectural Significance
Three Classical Orders: It is unique among ancient Greek temples for incorporating all three classical architectural orders: Doric (for the exterior peristyle), Ionic (for the interior columns), and the earliest known surviving example of a Corinthian capital (on a single column in the center of the interior).
Architect: The temple is traditionally attributed to Iktinos, the famous architect who also designed the Parthenon in Athens, though this attribution is sometimes debated by modern scholars.
Unusual Orientation: Unlike most Greek temples that are oriented east-west, the Temple of Bassae is oriented north-south, believed by some to be for cultic reasons, such as aligning with the summer solstice sunrise.
Design: Built between approximately 420 and 400 BC, it combines archaic features (such as its elongated shape with a 6×15 column ratio) with the serenity of the Classical Doric style and daring innovations, marking a turning point in temple architecture.
